Al-Shabaka Member Refqa Nabil Shaqour is a Belgium-based political scientist and writer. Born in Nablus, she holds a BA in political science, a master’s degree in planning and political development from An-Najah National University in Palestine, and a master’s degree in media and public relations from Cairo University. In addition to publishing political and cultural research papers in Arabic periodicals, her book “The Influence of Hezbollah in the Evolution of Resistance Ideology and Methods in the Arab Region” was published in 2010. She is a regular contributor to Al-Arab newspaper and Al-Jadid cultural magazine, and is a member of PEN International, the Flemish Branch in Belgium, as well as a researcher at the Egyptian Institute for Political and Strategic Studies in Turkey. Shaqour is currently pursuing her doctorate degree.